Gay, lesbian and trans royals, near-royals and rulers in history.
ANCIENT WORLD AND ASIA:
Egypt- King Neferkare Pepy II and General Sisenet (c. 2300 BCE)
- Akhenaten c.1350 BCE and his lover Smenkhkare
- King Ptolemy VII of Egypt, 221-205 BC
- King Ptolemy IV of Egype, 145-244 BC
Greece
- Philip II of Macedon 359-336 BCE
- Alexander the Great 356-323 BCE and Hephasteion
- King Demetrius Poliorcetes of Macedonia, 294-288 BC
- King Antiochus I of Macedonia, 280-261 BC
- King Antigonus II Gonatas of Macedonia, 276-239 BC
Caesars/ Emperors
- Julius Caesar 60-44 BCE ["every women's husband, every man's wife] and Nicomedes, King of Bithynia
- Emperor Augustus of Rome, 31 BC to AD 14
- Emperor Tiberius of Rome, 14-37
- Emperor Caligula of Rome, 37-41
- Emperor Claudius I of Rome, 41-54
- Emperor Nero of Rome, 54-68
- Emperor Otho of Rome, January-April 69
- Emperor Vespasian of Rome, r.69-76 ?
- Emperor Titus of Rome, r.79-81
- Emperor Domitian of Rome, 81-96
- Emperor Nerva of Rome, 96-98
- Emperor Trajan of Rome, 98-117
- Emperor Hadrian of Rome, 117-138, and Antinous d.130
- Marcus Aurelius r.121-180 ?
- Emperor Commodus of Rome, 180-192
- Emperor Heliogabalus of Rome, 218-222 (declared one of his male lovers to be his husband)
- Emperior Valentian III of Rome, 425-455
- Mark Anthony c.82-30 BCE
- Cicero 100-43 BCE [and Octavian/Augustus b.63-r.27 BCE-14
Byzantium
- Emperor Michael II of the Byzantine Empire, 741-775
- Basil I, Byzantine emperor (867-886), founder of the Macedonian dynasty.
- Nicephorus I r.802-811
- Michael III r.842-867 and Basil I r.867-
- Emperor Basil II of the Byzantine Empire, 976-1025
- Constantine VIII r.1025-1028
- Constantine IX Monomachus r.1042-1055
Ottoman Empire
- Sultan Beyazid I of the Ottoman Empire, 1389-1402
Other Middle Eastern
- King Nicomedes IV of Bithynia, early first century BC
China
The Ten Han Emperors [with "favorites"]
Japan
There was a cult of male love [man-older youth] in premodern Japan, especially among the samurai classes. This means that virtually all pre-modern Japanese men of a certain class may be assumed to have been "queer" in modern terms.
India
AFRICA
Italy
[for above 5 see Luca Ombresi, "Vita dei Medici sodomiti" (Florence; 1965]
France
England
EUROPE, after c 1700
Britain
Germany/ Austria
France
Russia
- Emperor Ai of China, 6 BC to AD 1
- The King of Wei
- Lord Long Yang
- Emperor Wei Wen of China, 220-227
- Emperor Jin Diyi of China, 336-371
- Emperor Lian Jianwen of China, 550-551
The Ten Han Emperors [with "favorites"]
- Emperor Gao r.206-195 BCE and Jiru
- Emperor Hui r.194-188 BCE and Hongru
- Emperor Wen r.179-141 BCE and Deng Tong
- and Zhao Tan
- and Beigong Bozi
- Emperor Jing r.156-141 BCE and Zho Ren
- Emperor Wu r.140-87 BCE and Han Yan
- and Han Yue
- and Li Yannian
- Emperor Zhao r.86-74 BCE and Jin Shang
- Emperor Xuan-di r.73-49 BCE and Zhang Pengzu
- Emperor Yuan r.48-33 BCE and Hong Gong
- and Shi Xian
- Emperor Cheng r.32-7 BCE and Zhang Fang
- and Chunyu Zhang
- Emperor Ai r.6 BCE-1CE and Dong Xian
- Pei Kai 237-291
- Yu Xin 513-581 and Wang Shao
- Zhang Hanbian c.265-420 and Zhou Xiaoshi
- Emperor Lian Jianwen c.550-551
- Emperor Xizong r.874-889 and Zhang Langgou
- Emperor Wuzong r.1506-1522
- Emperor Shenzong r.1573-1620
- Emperor Xizong r.1621-1628
- Emperor Pu Yi - the last Qing [Manchu] emperor - subject of film "The Last Emperor
Japan
There was a cult of male love [man-older youth] in premodern Japan, especially among the samurai classes. This means that virtually all pre-modern Japanese men of a certain class may be assumed to have been "queer" in modern terms.
- Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, shogun of Japan, 1368-1394
- Oda Nobunaga, military dictator of Japan, 1568-1582
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, shogun of Japan, 1680-1709
India
- Emperor Babur b.1483-r.1526-1530 and Baburi [Barbur wrote a very informative autobiography!]
- Sarmad 17th C [Jewish convert to Islam, Great Sufi mystic poet]
- Amar Khan 18th century
- Ramakrishna 1836-1886
Afghanistan
- Sebktigin, founder of the Ghaznavid Empire (Afghanistan), tenth century
- Emperor Mahmud of Ghazni (Afghanistan), 997-1030
- Kamran, emir of Afghanistan, early nineteenth century
- King Abd Al-Rahman of Afghanistan, 1880-1901
- King Amunullah Kahn of Afghanistan, 1919-1929
Thailand
- King Rama VI of Thailand, 1910-1925
- Nzinga, female king of the Mbundu
- King Mwanga of Buganda (Uganda), 1884-1897
EUROPE, before c 1700
Iberia- Al-Hakem II, ruler of Cordoba (Spain), 961-976
- Hisham II, ruler of C¢rdoba (Spain), 965-1013
- King al-Mutamid of Seville 1069-1090 and Ibn Ammar [poet]
- King Henry IV of Castille 1425-r.1454-1474 [called "la Puta" by the people!] and Gregario Maranon
- King Juan II of Castile and Le¢n (Spain), 1406-1454
- King Enrique IV of Castile (Spain), 1454-1474
- Antonio Perez 1535-1611 [Philip II of Spain's Secretary of State]
- King Affonso VI of Portugal r.1656-1683
Italy
- Emperor Frederick II d.1250
- King Conradin of Sicily 1252-1268 and Frederick of Baden
- Duke Ferdinand II of Tuscany 18C
- Duke Cosimo III of Tuscany 18C
- Gian Gastone dei Medici
- Prince Ferdinand dei Medici
- Cardinal Francesco Maria dei Medici, Duke_of_Rovere_and_Montefeltro
[for above 5 see Luca Ombresi, "Vita dei Medici sodomiti" (Florence; 1965]
France
- King Philip II Augustus r.1179-1223 [and Richard the Lionheart - see Britain]
- King Charles IX r.1550 (1560?-1574)
- King Henry III r.1574-1589 [and his "mignons"] and Mougeron;
- and Joyeuse
- and Epernon
- Count of Anjou late 16thC [Henry III's brother] and Bussy D'Amboise
- King Louis XIII b. 1601-r.1610-1643 and Baradas:
- and Marquis de Cinq-Mars
- and Saint-Simon
- Louis II of Bourbon, Royal Prince, Military General
England
- King William II Rufus 1087-1100
- Robert, Duke of Normandy late 11th C
- William Aethling (Son of Henry I) early 12th C
- King Richard I the Lion-hearted b.1157-r.1189-1199 [and Philip II Augustus]
- [and Saladin]
- and Blondel
- and Raife de Clermon
- William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely [Justiciar of Richard I] early 13thC
- King Edward II 1284-1327 and Piers Gaveston,
- then Hugh Dispenser
- King Richard II b.1367-r.1377-1399
- Sir Walter Raleigh 1554-1618
- King James I & VI. England and Scotland: 1603-1625
- King James and Lord Hay
- King James and Robert Carr
- King James and George Villiers, Earl of Buckingham
- The Earl of Castlehaven mid-17th C
- King William III b.1650-r.1689-1702
- *Queen Anne 1665-1714 and *Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough
- Emperor Fredrick II, 1212-1250
- Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II of Germany
- King Boleslaus the Bold, and Leszek Bialy. (13th Century)
- King Wladyslaw III Jagiellon calledWarnenczyk (15th Century)
- King Sigismund the Old
- King Henri de Valois, transsexual
- Wladyslaw IV (1595-1648) and Adam Kazanowski
- Michal Korybut-Wisniowiecki
- the last Polish king Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
- Grand Prince Vasily III, 1479 - 1533.
- Ivan IV ("Ivan the Terrible"), 1530 - 1584
- False Dmitri
- Prince Ivan Khvorostinin.
EUROPE, after c 1700
Britain
- Lord Louis Mountbatten [Admiral and Viceroy of India] 1900-1971
- Lord Avon, [minister in Margaret Thatcher's first administration]
Germany/ Austria
- Frederick II the Great of Prussia 1712-1786 and Hans von Katte
- Prince Henry of Prussia 1726-1802 [suggested as King of America!]
- King Ludwig II of Bavaria 1845-1886
- Kaiser Wilhelm II 1859-1941 [r.1888-1918] and Prince Philippe zu Eulenberg 1847-1921
France
- Philippe, Duc de Orleans d.1701 [Brother of Louis XIV]
- Eugene of Savoy
- Louis, Prince of Conde
- *Madame Anne-Louise Germaine du Stael 1766-1817
- *Marie Antoinette 1755-1793
- Violet-Le-Duc
- Duc de Nevers
- Eugene Sue
- Duc Claude de Villiars
- King Louis XVIII
Russia
- Empress Anne Ioannovna of Russia, 1730-1740
- Empress Catherine II (The Great) of Russia, 1762-1796
- Tsar Alexander I 1777-1825
Sweden/Denmark/Norway
- King Charles XII of Sweden
- *Queen Christina 1626-1689 and *Ebba Sparre
- Christian VII of Denmark, 1766-1808
- King Charles XV of Sweden, 1859-1872
- King Gustavus V of Sweden, 1907-1950
Other Europe
- King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, 1908-1918
Sources:
Books:
- Queers in History", David Halsall
- Homosexual and Bisexual Rulers
- People With a History: An Online Guide to Lesbian, Gay and Trans History
- GLBTQ Encyclopedia
- Matt &Andrej Komasky Biographies of Famous GLTB People
Books:
- Crompton, William: Homosexuality and CivilizationSocial Science Books)
- Dynes, Wayne R: Encyclopedia of Homosexuality
- Greenberg, David F: The Construction of HomosexualityHuman Sexuality Books)
- Naphy, William: Born to be Gay: A History of Homosexuality (Revealing History)
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